Informed Consent

Abstract

Informed consent, essential in the delivery of health care, is the process by which a health care practitioner provides relevant information about diagnosis and treatment needs to a patient so the patient can make a voluntary and educated decision to pursue or refuse care. For minors, unless the patient is  emancipated, parents (as defined within this document) are authorized to provide or decline permission for treatment. Adults with intellectual disabilities may either require consent by a guardian or, if states allow, use a supported decision-making process. Dentists must inform patients/parents about oral health conditions observed and the nature, risks, and benefits of recommended and alternative treatments, including no treatment. While young children do not possess the cognitive ability to participate in the informed consent discussion, older children and adolescents can participate and assent to care. Dental providers are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the laws and regulations in their state concerning informed consent in health care to include teledentistry. Although laws may differ, obtaining consent in writing before commencing treatment is recommended as it may reduce liability due to miscommunication. Guidance regarding written consent forms and the use of translation services is included. The key component of obtaining informed consent is the discussion between the dental provider and patient/parent.

This document was developed through a collaborative effort of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Councils on Clinical Affairs and Scientific Affairs to offer updated information and guidance in obtaining informed consent for pediatric oral health care.

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